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anti tm4sf1 pe antibody  (Miltenyi Biotec)


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    Structured Review

    Miltenyi Biotec anti tm4sf1 pe antibody
    A Volcano plot comparison of all UC and HV cells after downsampling ( N = 150 cells per patient) ( p -values are computed from the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). B Violin plots of <t>TM4SF1</t> expression by tumor cluster. Source data are provided as a Source data file. C , D Immunohistochemistry of TM4SF1 in a validation cohort of HV and UC C primary tumors and D lymph node metastases. E Semiquantitative comparison of TM4SF1 staining in HV and UCs (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.02). Scale bars = 50 µm.
    Anti Tm4sf1 Pe Antibody, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 6 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tm4sf1+antibody/TM4SF1+Antibody%2C+anti-human%2C+REAfinity/pmc12174346-262-17-19
    Average 93 stars, based on 6 article reviews
    anti tm4sf1 pe antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression"

    Article Title: Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression

    Journal: Nature Communications

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59888-8

    A Volcano plot comparison of all UC and HV cells after downsampling ( N = 150 cells per patient) ( p -values are computed from the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). B Violin plots of TM4SF1 expression by tumor cluster. Source data are provided as a Source data file. C , D Immunohistochemistry of TM4SF1 in a validation cohort of HV and UC C primary tumors and D lymph node metastases. E Semiquantitative comparison of TM4SF1 staining in HV and UCs (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.02). Scale bars = 50 µm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: A Volcano plot comparison of all UC and HV cells after downsampling ( N = 150 cells per patient) ( p -values are computed from the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). B Violin plots of TM4SF1 expression by tumor cluster. Source data are provided as a Source data file. C , D Immunohistochemistry of TM4SF1 in a validation cohort of HV and UC C primary tumors and D lymph node metastases. E Semiquantitative comparison of TM4SF1 staining in HV and UCs (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.02). Scale bars = 50 µm.

    Techniques Used: Comparison, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Biomarker Discovery, Staining

    A Quantification of in vitro TM4SF1-CAR1 and CAR2 activity against bladder cancer cell lines using IncuCyte co-culture assay with 1:1 effector:target cell ratio. B In vitro co-culture assays comparing CAR activity (2:1 effector:target cell ratio) in UMUC3 cell lines with and without CRISPR-mediated TM4SF1 knockout ( N = 1 replicate per condition, 5 conditions per experiment). C Evaluation of CAR1 tumor-killing efficacy in an in vivo xenograft model using UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) cell lines. Data are presented as mean values ± standard error bars. D Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of CAR1 treated and untreated mice with UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) tumors. E:T Effector:Target, UTD untransduced, CAR chimeric antigen receptor.
    Figure Legend Snippet: A Quantification of in vitro TM4SF1-CAR1 and CAR2 activity against bladder cancer cell lines using IncuCyte co-culture assay with 1:1 effector:target cell ratio. B In vitro co-culture assays comparing CAR activity (2:1 effector:target cell ratio) in UMUC3 cell lines with and without CRISPR-mediated TM4SF1 knockout ( N = 1 replicate per condition, 5 conditions per experiment). C Evaluation of CAR1 tumor-killing efficacy in an in vivo xenograft model using UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) cell lines. Data are presented as mean values ± standard error bars. D Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of CAR1 treated and untreated mice with UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) tumors. E:T Effector:Target, UTD untransduced, CAR chimeric antigen receptor.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Co-culture Assay, Co-Culture Assay, CRISPR, Knock-Out, In Vivo

    Related Articles

    Staining:

    Article Title: Histologic variants in bladder cancer harbor aggressive molecular features including TM4SF1 expression and a CA125+ cell state
    Article Snippet: 48–72 h after transfection, GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS (BD Fusion) and expanded. .. Cells were then stained with a TM4SF1 antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100), sorted a second time by FACS (BD Fusion), and negative cells were collected and expanded. .. Flow cytometric quantification of TM4SF1 expression across human bladder cancer cell lines was performed by incubating with anti-TM4SF1-PE antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100) for 30-60 minutes on ice.

    Article Title: Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression
    Article Snippet: 48–72 h after transfection, GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS (BD Fusion) and expanded. .. Cells were then stained with a TM4SF1 antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100), sorted a second time by FACS (BD Fusion), and negative cells were collected and expanded. .. Flow cytometric quantification of TM4SF1 expression across human bladder cancer cell lines was performed by incubating with anti-TM4SF1-PE antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100) for 30–60 min on ice.

    Article Title: Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression.
    Article Snippet: UMUC-3 TM4SF1-KO cells were generated by transient transfection (Lipofectamine 3000) ofUMUC-3 cells with PX458 (Addgene, #48138). .. Cells were then stained with a TM4SF1 antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100), sorted a second time by FACS (BD Fusion), and negative cells were collected and expanded. .. 48–72 h after transfection, GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS (BD Fusion) and expanded.

    FACS:

    Article Title: Histologic variants in bladder cancer harbor aggressive molecular features including TM4SF1 expression and a CA125+ cell state
    Article Snippet: 48–72 h after transfection, GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS (BD Fusion) and expanded. .. Cells were then stained with a TM4SF1 antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100), sorted a second time by FACS (BD Fusion), and negative cells were collected and expanded. .. Flow cytometric quantification of TM4SF1 expression across human bladder cancer cell lines was performed by incubating with anti-TM4SF1-PE antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100) for 30-60 minutes on ice.

    Article Title: Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression
    Article Snippet: 48–72 h after transfection, GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS (BD Fusion) and expanded. .. Cells were then stained with a TM4SF1 antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100), sorted a second time by FACS (BD Fusion), and negative cells were collected and expanded. .. Flow cytometric quantification of TM4SF1 expression across human bladder cancer cell lines was performed by incubating with anti-TM4SF1-PE antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100) for 30–60 min on ice.

    Article Title: Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression.
    Article Snippet: UMUC-3 TM4SF1-KO cells were generated by transient transfection (Lipofectamine 3000) ofUMUC-3 cells with PX458 (Addgene, #48138). .. Cells were then stained with a TM4SF1 antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100), sorted a second time by FACS (BD Fusion), and negative cells were collected and expanded. .. 48–72 h after transfection, GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS (BD Fusion) and expanded.



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    A Volcano plot comparison of all UC and HV cells after downsampling ( N = 150 cells per patient) ( p -values are computed from the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). B Violin plots of <t>TM4SF1</t> expression by tumor cluster. Source data are provided as a Source data file. C , D Immunohistochemistry of TM4SF1 in a validation cohort of HV and UC C primary tumors and D lymph node metastases. E Semiquantitative comparison of TM4SF1 staining in HV and UCs (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.02). Scale bars = 50 µm.
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    Decreased progenitor cell function of emphysema-specific alveolar type II (ATII) cells in human COPD lungs. a) Detection of asATII cells in alveolar sacs of emphysematous region (black square in left picture with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining) by co-immunofluorescence (co-IF) for CD74 (green), secretaglobin-3A2 (SCGB3A2) (red), and surfactant protein C (SPC) (white). Scale bars=200 µm, 50 µm and 10 µm. b) Detection of rbATII cells in respiratory bronchiole of emphysematous region (black square in left picture with H&E staining) by co-IF for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) (green, top), <t>TM4SF1</t> (green, bottom), SCGB3A2 (red), and SPC (white). Scale bars=50 µm, 20 µm and 10 µm. c) Flow cytometry analysis of asATII and rbATII using CD74 (centre), TM4SF1 and ICAM1 (right) in healthy control sample (n=6, top) and emphysematous parenchymal tissue from COPD patients (n=6, bottom). d) Quantification of the percentages of asATII (CD74 + ) and rbATII (ICAM1 + /TM4SF1 + ) cells in total ATII cells (HTII280 + /epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) + /4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) − ) in a). Mann–Whitney test. e) Organoids formed by fluorescence-activated cell sorted asATII (HTII280 + /CD74 + ) and rbATII (HTII280 + /ICAM1 + /TM4SF1) cells from human emphysematous parenchymal tissue (n=5) and by ATII cells (HTII280 + ) from healthy control (n=3). Scale bar=100 µm. f) Quantification of organoid forming efficiency of c). Values are presented as mean± sem . Mann–Whitney test. *: p<0.05.
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    Image Search Results


    A Volcano plot comparison of all UC and HV cells after downsampling ( N = 150 cells per patient) ( p -values are computed from the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). B Violin plots of TM4SF1 expression by tumor cluster. Source data are provided as a Source data file. C , D Immunohistochemistry of TM4SF1 in a validation cohort of HV and UC C primary tumors and D lymph node metastases. E Semiquantitative comparison of TM4SF1 staining in HV and UCs (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.02). Scale bars = 50 µm.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59888-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Volcano plot comparison of all UC and HV cells after downsampling ( N = 150 cells per patient) ( p -values are computed from the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). B Violin plots of TM4SF1 expression by tumor cluster. Source data are provided as a Source data file. C , D Immunohistochemistry of TM4SF1 in a validation cohort of HV and UC C primary tumors and D lymph node metastases. E Semiquantitative comparison of TM4SF1 staining in HV and UCs (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.02). Scale bars = 50 µm.

    Article Snippet: Flow cytometric quantification of TM4SF1 expression across human bladder cancer cell lines was performed by incubating with anti-TM4SF1-PE antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100) for 30–60 min on ice.

    Techniques: Comparison, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Biomarker Discovery, Staining

    A Quantification of in vitro TM4SF1-CAR1 and CAR2 activity against bladder cancer cell lines using IncuCyte co-culture assay with 1:1 effector:target cell ratio. B In vitro co-culture assays comparing CAR activity (2:1 effector:target cell ratio) in UMUC3 cell lines with and without CRISPR-mediated TM4SF1 knockout ( N = 1 replicate per condition, 5 conditions per experiment). C Evaluation of CAR1 tumor-killing efficacy in an in vivo xenograft model using UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) cell lines. Data are presented as mean values ± standard error bars. D Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of CAR1 treated and untreated mice with UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) tumors. E:T Effector:Target, UTD untransduced, CAR chimeric antigen receptor.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Bladder cancer variants share aggressive features including a CA125+ cell state and targetable TM4SF1 expression

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59888-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Quantification of in vitro TM4SF1-CAR1 and CAR2 activity against bladder cancer cell lines using IncuCyte co-culture assay with 1:1 effector:target cell ratio. B In vitro co-culture assays comparing CAR activity (2:1 effector:target cell ratio) in UMUC3 cell lines with and without CRISPR-mediated TM4SF1 knockout ( N = 1 replicate per condition, 5 conditions per experiment). C Evaluation of CAR1 tumor-killing efficacy in an in vivo xenograft model using UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) cell lines. Data are presented as mean values ± standard error bars. D Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of CAR1 treated and untreated mice with UMUC3 ( N = 9 mice) and 253JBV ( N = 10 mice) tumors. E:T Effector:Target, UTD untransduced, CAR chimeric antigen receptor.

    Article Snippet: Flow cytometric quantification of TM4SF1 expression across human bladder cancer cell lines was performed by incubating with anti-TM4SF1-PE antibody (Miltenyi, clone REA851, 1:100) for 30–60 min on ice.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Co-culture Assay, Co-Culture Assay, CRISPR, Knock-Out, In Vivo

    Decreased progenitor cell function of emphysema-specific alveolar type II (ATII) cells in human COPD lungs. a) Detection of asATII cells in alveolar sacs of emphysematous region (black square in left picture with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining) by co-immunofluorescence (co-IF) for CD74 (green), secretaglobin-3A2 (SCGB3A2) (red), and surfactant protein C (SPC) (white). Scale bars=200 µm, 50 µm and 10 µm. b) Detection of rbATII cells in respiratory bronchiole of emphysematous region (black square in left picture with H&E staining) by co-IF for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) (green, top), TM4SF1 (green, bottom), SCGB3A2 (red), and SPC (white). Scale bars=50 µm, 20 µm and 10 µm. c) Flow cytometry analysis of asATII and rbATII using CD74 (centre), TM4SF1 and ICAM1 (right) in healthy control sample (n=6, top) and emphysematous parenchymal tissue from COPD patients (n=6, bottom). d) Quantification of the percentages of asATII (CD74 + ) and rbATII (ICAM1 + /TM4SF1 + ) cells in total ATII cells (HTII280 + /epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) + /4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) − ) in a). Mann–Whitney test. e) Organoids formed by fluorescence-activated cell sorted asATII (HTII280 + /CD74 + ) and rbATII (HTII280 + /ICAM1 + /TM4SF1) cells from human emphysematous parenchymal tissue (n=5) and by ATII cells (HTII280 + ) from healthy control (n=3). Scale bar=100 µm. f) Quantification of organoid forming efficiency of c). Values are presented as mean± sem . Mann–Whitney test. *: p<0.05.

    Journal: The European Respiratory Journal

    Article Title: Airway-derived emphysema-specific alveolar type II cells exhibit impaired regenerative potential in COPD

    doi: 10.1183/13993003.02071-2023

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Decreased progenitor cell function of emphysema-specific alveolar type II (ATII) cells in human COPD lungs. a) Detection of asATII cells in alveolar sacs of emphysematous region (black square in left picture with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining) by co-immunofluorescence (co-IF) for CD74 (green), secretaglobin-3A2 (SCGB3A2) (red), and surfactant protein C (SPC) (white). Scale bars=200 µm, 50 µm and 10 µm. b) Detection of rbATII cells in respiratory bronchiole of emphysematous region (black square in left picture with H&E staining) by co-IF for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) (green, top), TM4SF1 (green, bottom), SCGB3A2 (red), and SPC (white). Scale bars=50 µm, 20 µm and 10 µm. c) Flow cytometry analysis of asATII and rbATII using CD74 (centre), TM4SF1 and ICAM1 (right) in healthy control sample (n=6, top) and emphysematous parenchymal tissue from COPD patients (n=6, bottom). d) Quantification of the percentages of asATII (CD74 + ) and rbATII (ICAM1 + /TM4SF1 + ) cells in total ATII cells (HTII280 + /epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) + /4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) − ) in a). Mann–Whitney test. e) Organoids formed by fluorescence-activated cell sorted asATII (HTII280 + /CD74 + ) and rbATII (HTII280 + /ICAM1 + /TM4SF1) cells from human emphysematous parenchymal tissue (n=5) and by ATII cells (HTII280 + ) from healthy control (n=3). Scale bar=100 µm. f) Quantification of organoid forming efficiency of c). Values are presented as mean± sem . Mann–Whitney test. *: p<0.05.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used for immunofluorescence include rabbit anti-SPC (Millipore, AB3786), rabbit anti-SPC (Abcam, ab90716), mouse IgM anti-HTII280 (Terrace Biotech, TB-27AHT2-280), CD74 (Novus, NBP1-33109), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) (Novus, BBA3), TM4SF1 (R&D Systems, MAB8164), SCGB3A2 (R&D Systems, AF3545), acetylated α-tubulin (Abcam, ab24610), tdTomato (Biorbyt, orb182397) and chicken anti-Ly6i antibody.

    Techniques: Cell Function Assay, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Fluorescence

    TM4SF1 expression in the endothelium in vivo . TM4SF1 IHC staining with HRP-conjugated 2nd antibody and eosin was conducted in tissue sections prepared from ( A ) 8 week old C57BL/6 mouse organs [liver ( a ), kidney ( b ), heart ( c ), lung ( d ), and brain ( e )] and ( B ) human liver. Wholemount staining was performed in postnatal day 18 C57BL/6 mouse retina ( f ) with Alexa488-conjugated anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody 2A7A. Representative IHC staining in both ( A , B ) tissue sections showed that TM4SF1 expression was largely limited to blood vessels with a tendency for the highest TM4SF1 expression to be in arteries (A), intermediate expression in veins (V), and the lowest expression in capillaries (C). Positive TM4SF1 expression was also seen in kidney glomeruli (Gm) and in the choroid plexus (CP; black arrow), the epithelium of lateral ventricles (LV), along with the subependymal cell layer (SEL) in the brain; no expression was observed in the cortex (CX) and thalamus (Th). ( C ) qPCR using total RNA (normalized against 10 6 18S copies) acquired from three different human aorta and pulmonary vein samples showed that TM4SF1 expression was 4.8-fold higher in the artery than in the vein ( p = 0.0026).

    Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

    Article Title: Transmembrane-4 L-Six Family Member-1 Is Essential for Embryonic Blood Vessel Development

    doi: 10.3390/cimb46110781

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TM4SF1 expression in the endothelium in vivo . TM4SF1 IHC staining with HRP-conjugated 2nd antibody and eosin was conducted in tissue sections prepared from ( A ) 8 week old C57BL/6 mouse organs [liver ( a ), kidney ( b ), heart ( c ), lung ( d ), and brain ( e )] and ( B ) human liver. Wholemount staining was performed in postnatal day 18 C57BL/6 mouse retina ( f ) with Alexa488-conjugated anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody 2A7A. Representative IHC staining in both ( A , B ) tissue sections showed that TM4SF1 expression was largely limited to blood vessels with a tendency for the highest TM4SF1 expression to be in arteries (A), intermediate expression in veins (V), and the lowest expression in capillaries (C). Positive TM4SF1 expression was also seen in kidney glomeruli (Gm) and in the choroid plexus (CP; black arrow), the epithelium of lateral ventricles (LV), along with the subependymal cell layer (SEL) in the brain; no expression was observed in the cortex (CX) and thalamus (Th). ( C ) qPCR using total RNA (normalized against 10 6 18S copies) acquired from three different human aorta and pulmonary vein samples showed that TM4SF1 expression was 4.8-fold higher in the artery than in the vein ( p = 0.0026).

    Article Snippet: Anti-TM4SF1 antibodies were the same as used in our earlier studies: (1) the anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody 2A7A (a chimeric antibody with the variable region of a rabbit anti-mouse TM4SF1 monoclonal antibody and the constant region of a human IgG1) [ ] and (2) the anti-human TM4SF1 antibody 8G4 [IgG1, mouse monoclonal [ , ]; MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA), catalog number MABC1723].

    Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

    Genotypes of progeny from  Tm4sf1  -heterozygous intercrosses.

    Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

    Article Title: Transmembrane-4 L-Six Family Member-1 Is Essential for Embryonic Blood Vessel Development

    doi: 10.3390/cimb46110781

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Genotypes of progeny from Tm4sf1 -heterozygous intercrosses.

    Article Snippet: Anti-TM4SF1 antibodies were the same as used in our earlier studies: (1) the anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody 2A7A (a chimeric antibody with the variable region of a rabbit anti-mouse TM4SF1 monoclonal antibody and the constant region of a human IgG1) [ ] and (2) the anti-human TM4SF1 antibody 8G4 [IgG1, mouse monoclonal [ , ]; MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA), catalog number MABC1723].

    Techniques:

    Tm4sf1 -knockout mice are embryonically lethal at E9.5. ( A ) Representative E9.5 bright field embryo images of littermates show developing blood vessels in both the yolk sac and embryo in Tm4sf1 +/+ ( a ) but not in Tm4sf1 −/− ( b ). Wholemount embryo staining using Alexa488-conjugated 2A7A demonstrated TM4SF1 protein localization in the Tm4sf1 +/+ embryo vasculature (white arrows indicate the same locations as the black arrows in bright field images), but no 2A7A staining occurred in the Tm4sf1 −/− embryo. ( B ) qPCR was conducted on total RNA prepared from E9.5 littermate embryos (three each of +/+, +/−, and −/− from three different litters). ( a ) Representative RNA quantification demonstrated that Tm4sf1 −/− embryos, unlike Tm4sf1 +/+ and +/− embryos, did not express the Tm4sf1 gene and that ( b ) the known vascular markers CD31, CD144, TIE1, TIE2, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 were also too low to be detected; and, ( c ) in comparison to Tm4sf1 +/+ embryos, VEGFA expression was 6.8-fold ( p = 0.00003) higher in Tm4sf1 −/− embryos and 4.9-fold ( p = 0.0014) higher in Tm4sf1 +/− embryos. ( b ) The representative inset littermate embryo images show an absence of blood vessels in the −/− embryos, and a small body size in the +/− embryo in comparison to the +/+.

    Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

    Article Title: Transmembrane-4 L-Six Family Member-1 Is Essential for Embryonic Blood Vessel Development

    doi: 10.3390/cimb46110781

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Tm4sf1 -knockout mice are embryonically lethal at E9.5. ( A ) Representative E9.5 bright field embryo images of littermates show developing blood vessels in both the yolk sac and embryo in Tm4sf1 +/+ ( a ) but not in Tm4sf1 −/− ( b ). Wholemount embryo staining using Alexa488-conjugated 2A7A demonstrated TM4SF1 protein localization in the Tm4sf1 +/+ embryo vasculature (white arrows indicate the same locations as the black arrows in bright field images), but no 2A7A staining occurred in the Tm4sf1 −/− embryo. ( B ) qPCR was conducted on total RNA prepared from E9.5 littermate embryos (three each of +/+, +/−, and −/− from three different litters). ( a ) Representative RNA quantification demonstrated that Tm4sf1 −/− embryos, unlike Tm4sf1 +/+ and +/− embryos, did not express the Tm4sf1 gene and that ( b ) the known vascular markers CD31, CD144, TIE1, TIE2, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 were also too low to be detected; and, ( c ) in comparison to Tm4sf1 +/+ embryos, VEGFA expression was 6.8-fold ( p = 0.00003) higher in Tm4sf1 −/− embryos and 4.9-fold ( p = 0.0014) higher in Tm4sf1 +/− embryos. ( b ) The representative inset littermate embryo images show an absence of blood vessels in the −/− embryos, and a small body size in the +/− embryo in comparison to the +/+.

    Article Snippet: Anti-TM4SF1 antibodies were the same as used in our earlier studies: (1) the anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody 2A7A (a chimeric antibody with the variable region of a rabbit anti-mouse TM4SF1 monoclonal antibody and the constant region of a human IgG1) [ ] and (2) the anti-human TM4SF1 antibody 8G4 [IgG1, mouse monoclonal [ , ]; MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA), catalog number MABC1723].

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Staining, Comparison, Expressing

    Tm4sf1 -heterozygous embryos can develop lethal brain hemorrhage. Representative images from the sequential developmental stages of mouse embryos portray brain hemorrhages that occurred in some Tm4sf1 +/− embryos. ( A ) Two yolk sac images were taken with the placenta positioned at left or right. E14.5 Tm4sf1 +/− embryos had a smaller body size than their wild type littermate, and one of the two Tm4sf1 +/− embryos displayed hemorrhage in the head (blue arrows). No obvious hemorrhage appeared in other parts of the embryo body including the yolk sac. ( B ) The hemorrhage can be seen as early as E10.5 and became more apparent over the subsequent days of development (blue arrows), with some embryos also showing a vascular defect near the jugular vein (black arrows). Brain hemorrhages did not affect the embryo growth rate; at E18.5, Tm4sf1 +/− embryos with and without brain hemorrhage were comparable in body size and had nearly caught up in size to Tm4sf1 +/+ embryos. ( C ) Deceased Tm4sf1 +/− embryos were noted during embryo harvests at ( a ) E14.5, ( b ) E15.5, and ( c ) E17.5.

    Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

    Article Title: Transmembrane-4 L-Six Family Member-1 Is Essential for Embryonic Blood Vessel Development

    doi: 10.3390/cimb46110781

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Tm4sf1 -heterozygous embryos can develop lethal brain hemorrhage. Representative images from the sequential developmental stages of mouse embryos portray brain hemorrhages that occurred in some Tm4sf1 +/− embryos. ( A ) Two yolk sac images were taken with the placenta positioned at left or right. E14.5 Tm4sf1 +/− embryos had a smaller body size than their wild type littermate, and one of the two Tm4sf1 +/− embryos displayed hemorrhage in the head (blue arrows). No obvious hemorrhage appeared in other parts of the embryo body including the yolk sac. ( B ) The hemorrhage can be seen as early as E10.5 and became more apparent over the subsequent days of development (blue arrows), with some embryos also showing a vascular defect near the jugular vein (black arrows). Brain hemorrhages did not affect the embryo growth rate; at E18.5, Tm4sf1 +/− embryos with and without brain hemorrhage were comparable in body size and had nearly caught up in size to Tm4sf1 +/+ embryos. ( C ) Deceased Tm4sf1 +/− embryos were noted during embryo harvests at ( a ) E14.5, ( b ) E15.5, and ( c ) E17.5.

    Article Snippet: Anti-TM4SF1 antibodies were the same as used in our earlier studies: (1) the anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody 2A7A (a chimeric antibody with the variable region of a rabbit anti-mouse TM4SF1 monoclonal antibody and the constant region of a human IgG1) [ ] and (2) the anti-human TM4SF1 antibody 8G4 [IgG1, mouse monoclonal [ , ]; MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA), catalog number MABC1723].

    Techniques:

    Brain hemorrhage in some Tm4sf1 +/− embryos. Representative bright field head images of E17.5 Tm4sf1 +/+ and +/− littermates are shown in ( A ) and their respective transverse H&E histological staining are shown in ( B ). ( A ) A lack of integrity in the fb (forebrain)-fb and fb-mb (midbrain) junctions and an accumulation of blood around the TV (third ventricle) and FV (fourth ventricle) were seen in the hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− embryo ( c ) but not in the non-hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− ( b ) and the Tm4sf1 +/+ ( a ) embryos. ( B ) All four ventricles, TV, FV, and left and right LV (lateral ventricle), and the SAS (subarachnoid spaces) were filled with blood in the hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− embryo ( c ) whereas all structures appeared normal in both the non-hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− ( b ) and the Tm4sf1 +/+ ( a ) embryos.

    Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

    Article Title: Transmembrane-4 L-Six Family Member-1 Is Essential for Embryonic Blood Vessel Development

    doi: 10.3390/cimb46110781

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Brain hemorrhage in some Tm4sf1 +/− embryos. Representative bright field head images of E17.5 Tm4sf1 +/+ and +/− littermates are shown in ( A ) and their respective transverse H&E histological staining are shown in ( B ). ( A ) A lack of integrity in the fb (forebrain)-fb and fb-mb (midbrain) junctions and an accumulation of blood around the TV (third ventricle) and FV (fourth ventricle) were seen in the hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− embryo ( c ) but not in the non-hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− ( b ) and the Tm4sf1 +/+ ( a ) embryos. ( B ) All four ventricles, TV, FV, and left and right LV (lateral ventricle), and the SAS (subarachnoid spaces) were filled with blood in the hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− embryo ( c ) whereas all structures appeared normal in both the non-hemorrhagic Tm4sf1 +/− ( b ) and the Tm4sf1 +/+ ( a ) embryos.

    Article Snippet: Anti-TM4SF1 antibodies were the same as used in our earlier studies: (1) the anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody 2A7A (a chimeric antibody with the variable region of a rabbit anti-mouse TM4SF1 monoclonal antibody and the constant region of a human IgG1) [ ] and (2) the anti-human TM4SF1 antibody 8G4 [IgG1, mouse monoclonal [ , ]; MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA), catalog number MABC1723].

    Techniques: Staining